| Climate |
Region |
Temperature |
Vegetation |
Characteristics |
| Tropical Rain Forest (Am) |
West Coastal Plains, Sahyadris, parts of Assam |
High temperature range: 18.2°C to 29°C |
Tea, coffee, spices |
Found in coastal areas, high temperatures, characteristic vegetation includes crops like tea, coffee, and spices. |
| Tropical Savanna (Aw) |
Peninsular areas (except semi-arid zone in leeside of Western Ghats) |
Mean temperature above 18.2°C, up to 32°C |
Savanna |
Found in peninsular areas, mean temperature above 18.2°C, natural vegetation consists of savanna. |
| Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate (Bs) |
Central Maharashtra to Tamil Nadu (leeside of Western Ghats and Cardamom Hills) |
Temperature: 20°C to 23.8°C (December), 32.8°C (May) |
Suitable for dry climate, livestock rearing |
Runs southwards, suitable for dry climate and livestock rearing, temperature ranges from 20°C to 23.8°C (December) and 32.8°C (May). |
| Tropical and Sub-Tropical steppe Climate (BSn) |
Punjab to Kutch (between Thar Desert and Ganga Plain) |
Temperature: 12°C (January) to 35°C (June) |
Varies |
Occurs over a broad crescent, temperature ranges from 12°C (January) to 35°C (June), and can reach up to 49°C. |
| Tropical Desert (BWn) |
Western parts of Barmer, Jaisalmer, Bikaner district of Rajasthan, Kutch |
Uniformly high mean monthly temperature: 34.5°C |
Desert vegetation |
Found in western parts of Rajasthan and Kutch, uniformly high mean monthly temperature of 34.5°C, characterized by desert vegetation. |
| Humid Sub-Tropical Climate with Dry Winters (CWa) |
Foothills of Himalayas, Punjab, Haryana plains, plains of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, and east of Aravalli Range |
Dry winters, little rain from westerly depressions |
Varies |
Comprises foothills of Himalayas and plains of various states, dry winters except for some rain from westerly depressions. |
| Mountain Climate |
Mountainous regions above 600m (Himalaya and Karakoram ranges) | Sharp contrast in temperatures, high rainfall variability |
Varies |
Seen in mountainous regions, sharp contrast between temperatures of sunny and shady slopes, high rainfall variability. The Trans-Himalayan region like Ladakh has a dry and cold climate with sparse and stunted vegetation. |
